基于一测多评法鉴别蓝芩制剂中的黄柏与关黄柏

目的 建立蓝芩制剂中盐酸黄柏碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱的HPLC一测多评法,并基于含量测定结果建立蓝芩制剂中黄柏与关黄柏的鉴别方法。方法 采用Agilent 1260色谱仪,Waters Atlantis T3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液(每100 mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0.2 g)梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^–1,检测波长为280 nm,柱温30℃,以盐酸小檗碱为参照物,计算盐酸黄柏碱及盐酸巴马汀的相对校正因子,所得结果与外标法结果进行比较,判断该方法的可靠性。利用聚类分析含量测定结果,讨论黄柏与关黄柏对3种生物碱含量的影响,建立鉴别方法,对不同厂家的蓝芩制剂进行测定。结果 盐酸黄柏碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱分别在1.087～54.35μg·mL^–1,0.100 9～20.18μg·mL^–1,0.536 5～26.82μg·mL^–1内线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为91.57%(RSD=3.0%),97.96%(RSD=2.1%),100.6%(RSD...     

Local and distant cortical responses to single pulse intracranial stimulation in the human brain are differentially modulated by specific stimulation parameters

BackgroundElectrical neuromodulation via direct electrical stimulation (DES) is an increasingly common therapy for a wide variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. Unfortunately, therapeutic efficacy is inconsistent, likely due to our limited understanding of the relationship between the massive stimulation parameter space and brain tissue responses.ObjectiveTo better understand how different parameters induce varied neural responses, we systematically examined single pulse-induced cortico-cortico evoked potentials (CCEP) as a function of stimulation amplitude, duration, brain region, and whether grey or white matter was stimulated.MethodsWe measured voltage peak amplitudes and area under the curve (AUC) of intracranially recorded stimulation responses as a function of distance from the stimulation site, pulse width, current injected, location relative to grey and white matter, and brain region stimulated (N = 52, n = 719 stimulation sites).ResultsIncreasing stimulation pulse width increased responses near the stimulation location. Increasing stimulation amplitude (current) increased both evoked amplitudes and AUC nonlinearly. Locally (<15 mm), stimulation at the boundary between grey and white matter induced larger responses. In contrast, for distant sites (>15 mm), white matter stimulation consistently produced larger responses than stimulation in or near grey matter. The stimulation location-response curves followed different trends for cingulate, lateral frontal, and lateral temporal cortical stimulation.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that a stronger local response may require stimulation in the grey-white boundary while stimulation in the white matter could be needed for network activation. Thus, stimulation parameters tailored for a specific anatomical-functional outcome may be key to advancing neuromodulatory therapy.     

黄柏及其不同炮制品的HPLC指纹图谱分析

目的:建立黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品的HPLC指纹图谱,比较不同产地黄柏及其炮制品指纹特征的差异。方法:采用HPLC比较10批黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品的指纹图谱,流动相乙腈(A)-水(含0.3%磷酸和0.3%二乙胺,B)梯度洗脱(0~10 min,10%~14%A;10~20 min,14%~25%A;20~45 min,25%A;45~50 min,25%~65%A;50~55 min,65%~70%A;55~60 min,70%~75%A;60~70 min,75%~100%A),流速0.8 m L·min-1,柱温40℃,检测波长284 nm,分析时间70 min。结果:酒黄柏、盐黄柏与生黄柏的指纹图谱基本一致,但各成分间的相对含量存在差异,对其中的绿原酸、黄柏碱、木兰花碱、药根碱、小檗红碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、黄柏内酯进行了归属。10批黄柏生品、酒炙品和盐炙品共有模式色谱峰相似度均0.9。结论:建立的指纹图谱具有很好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,可作为黄柏及其炮制品质量评价的依据。     

桑白皮潜在功能的发掘与利用

目的：探讨桑白皮的潜在功能。方法：通过考察桑白皮在古代本草文献、古代含桑白皮方剂和《中华人民共和国药典》（简称《中国药典》） 2010版一部收载和显示的功用,以及现今药效学研究与临床经验,比较分析桑白皮业已失传的潜在功能。结果：确认古本草中记载桑白皮的核心功用和古代方剂配伍应用,与《中国药典》记录基本一致。而由本草文献总结出来的补虚益气、活血化瘀、生津止渴、化痰、止血、通淋、止痛、祛风、驱虫等潜在功能,以及《普济方》数据库中含桑白皮复方所治虚劳、疮疡痈疽、伤寒、跌打损伤、中风、消渴、淋泌、痹病、痰饮、出血、诸痛、寄生虫病、毒虫咬伤、风瘙痒、痘疹等病症,并未被《中国药典》收录。结论：结合实验研究和当今临床应用,可以确认补虚益气、活血化瘀、生津止渴、祛痰、止痛是桑白皮的潜在功用。     

黄连附子汤治疗十二指肠溃疡的疗效

目的:为了探究采用黄连附子汤治疗后的十二指肠溃疡患者的临床效果。方法:选取2014年12月—2015年4月来我院治疗的十二指肠溃疡患者40例,为该实验的探究对象,将患者进行分组,用随机数字方法,将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组设为20例,对照组采用枸檬酸铋钾与阿莫西林和奥美拉唑一起口服,而观察组患者则口服自制的黄连附子汤,经治疗后,观察和比较两组患者治疗后的溃疡愈合率与腹部疼痛消失率。结果:观察组患者在服用黄连附子汤后的溃疡愈合率与腹部疼痛消失率明显低于对照组患者的,两组比较具有统计学意义,(P0.05)。结论:观察组患者在该院服用黄连子附子汤后,大大地提高了患者十二指肠溃疡的康复程度,提高了溃疡愈合程度,减轻了患者腹部的疼痛感,对于康复过程是有明显效果的,值得医疗界引进及推广使用该治疗手段。     

Behavioral Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,Entorhinal Cortex and Fornix in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Background:

Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DBS at three separate targets in the Papez circuit, including the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT), the entorhinal cortex (EC), and the fornix (FX), on cognitive behaviors in an Alzheimer''s disease (AD) rat model.

Methods:

Forty-eight rats were subjected to an intrahippocampal injection of amyloid peptides 1-42 to induce an AD model. Rats were divided into six groups: DBS and sham DBS groups of ANT, EC, and FX. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM). Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition memory test (NORM). Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors were detected by the open field test (OF). By using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), behavior differences between the six groups were analyzed.

Results:

In the MWM, the ANT, EC, and FX DBS groups performed differently in terms of the time spent in the platform zone (F_(2,23) = 6.04, P < 0.01), the frequency of platform crossing (F_(2,23) = 11.53, P < 0.001), and the percent time spent within the platform quadrant (F_(2,23) = 6.29, P < 0.01). In the NORM, the EC and FX DBS groups spent more time with the novel object, although the ANT DBS group did not (F_(2,23) = 10.03, P < 0.001). In the OF, all of the groups showed a similar total distance moved (F_(1,42) = 1.14, P = 0.29) and relative time spent in the center (F_(2,42) = 0.56, P = 0.58).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that DBS of the EC and FX facilitated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory more prominently than ANT DBS. In addition, hippocampus-independent recognition memory was enhanced by EC and FX DBS. None of the targets showed side-effects of anxiety or locomotor behaviors.     

粗皮对黄柏、关黄柏质量的影响

目的 分析黄柏、关黄柏粗皮及药材中盐酸小檗碱的分布情况.方法 采用HPLC法分别测定黄柏、关黄柏粗皮部分,去粗皮部分和原药材的盐酸小檗碱的含量,比较液相色谱图中色谱峰的差异.结果 盐酸小檗碱在粗皮中含量低,粗皮部位的色谱图与药材的色谱图不全相同.结论 粗皮成分应进一步分析,黄柏和关黄柏应严格按照药典的加工要求去除粗皮部位.     

关于厚朴药材商品规格等级标准的研究

通过市场调查和文献研究,了解厚朴药材商品状况;同时采集样品进行分析,结合生产实际,制定新的厚朴商品规格等级标准。现行的规格等级标准中,将厚朴药材按来源划分为温朴与川朴2个品别,再按取皮部位划分为4种规格,每一种规格又按长度和质量划分若干等级;判断厚朴药材质量优劣的依据主要是性状特征(外观质量)。在新制定的厚朴商品标准中,等级的划分则是以厚度、厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量为依据,即综合外观性状与药效成分(内在品质),科学评价药材质量。由于温朴与川朴的商品性状特征基本一致,外观难以区分,不再划分品别;又因蔸朴与耳朴部位重叠,规格简化为筒朴(含枝朴)、根朴、蔸朴等3种;其中,筒朴分为3个等级,根朴、蔸朴不分等(统货)。     

肾上腺皮质癌的临床及病理研究

研究１０例肾上腺皮质癌的临床及病理学特征。其中功能性肿瘤８例，非功能性肿瘤２例。病理学特征表现为肿瘤体积大，有不完整包膜，明显出血、坏死。肿瘤多由暗细胞构成，弥漫、小梁状排列，常见细胞和核的异型性，核分裂≥１／１０ＨＰＦ。本文结合文献复习对其诊断要点、临床表现及预后进行讨论。     

两种除杂质工艺的爽肤洁阴洗液杀菌效果的比较

爽肤洁阴洗液含苦参、黄柏、白头翁、生黄芪、百部、蒲公英、苍术、黄连、白癣皮、艾叶等中药,为比较两种除杂质工艺之该液的杀灭微生物效果,进行了悬液定量杀菌试验。结果,用乙醇沉淀法除杂质的爽肤洁阴洗液原液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌作用5 min,对白色念珠菌作用10 min,平均杀灭率均≥99.91％;用ZTCl+1澄清剂法除杂质的爽肤洁阴洗液原液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用15 min,对大肠杆菌作用20 min,平均杀灭率才≥99.92％,对白色念珠菌作用20 min的平均杀灭率仅99.84％。结果说明,用乙醇沉淀法除杂质,对该洗液中药成分杀菌效果的影响小于用ZTCl+1澄清剂处理者。